Annotated Bibliography On The Internet And Multimedia...

COM414: The Internet and Multimedia Authoring Assignment 2 Web site Student Name: Michael McElhatton (B00685386) URL: for site http://scisweb.ulster.ac.uk/~bis15mem/XcelEnts%20-%20Assignment%202/Main.html URL: for work files http://scisweb.ulster.ac.uk/~bis15mem/XcelEnts%20-%20Assignment%202/ Creation of logo (Video) : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzYoSUhIZsofeature=youtu.be CONTENTS 1. The Site 3 1.1. Executive Summary 3 1.2. How the Site was Created 4 1.3. Corporate Look 5 1.4. Navigation 6 1.5. Content 7 1.6. Flle Types and Compression 9 1.7. Evaluation of the site 10 2. Appendices 11 2.1. References 11 2.2. Site map 12 2.3. Research on Other sites 13 2.4 Print screens of Site 15 1. The Site 1.1. Executive Summary In This report I will discuss the development of the website I created for the event organisation business â€Å"Xcelents.† I will include descriptions of the many different applications I used to help with my development which includes photo editing softwares and also an application which allowed me to design the site. I will be including the steps I have taken as to ensure my website has a professional look and feel. Within the contents of my report I will discuss why i chose a certain navigation layout for my site and also provide a map as to direct the reader around the site. Towards the end of my report I will include a list of the file types i used and also their size, I will discuss why I used each file format and the

Features Of Writing A Review At A Professional Standard

Regardless of the object being reviewed, there are a number of essential features of writing a review at a professional standard. This essay will examine each of those features with reference to two reviews of films which explore a specific theme. Firstly, however, the meaning of the term ‘professional standard’ must be established. There are standards that all professions must follow. These are to do with ethics and values. At the very least, standards of professionalism indicate a level of â€Å"expertise†, separating those who are considered professional from the amateur. Merely deriving an income from writing a review is not proof that a professional standard has been met. The NSW Professional Standards Council claims that any attempts to define standards of professionalism â€Å"typically centralise around some sort of moral or ethical foundation within the practice of a specific and usually established expertise†. A standard attributable to being ‘professional’ can also indicate a level of quality or attainment. An individual review may be at a reasonably high standard but what makes it ‘professional’? By way of analogy, there are particular essential ingredients when baking a sponge cake†¦ a pinch of this and teaspoon of that. We all know, however, that, even though the same recipe has been followed, there are sponge cakes and there are sponge cakes. Similarly reviewers may follow the same standard format and ensure their reviewsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Internet Themes942 Words   |  4 PagesThese days, every business owner needs a low-cost, good-looking, feature-rich, and professional website to expand his/her business rapidly. As a result, the number of websites built with the WordPress CMS is increasing with each passing day. To create WordPress websites, one has to select a good theme. A plethora of free and premium themes are available on the World Wide Web, making it difficult for ordinary individuals to choose a right theme for the creation of their websites/blogs. One mustRead MoreWriting an Academic Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic writing is different from other forms of writing; it is distinctive, clear and concise. This essay will describe the factors that contribute to the credibility of an academic piece of writing, and incorporating them effectively into your own writing. In this essay I will further discuss the following three features to enrich credible academic writing; planning and drafting, critical writing and referencing and plagiarism. With an abundant quantity of literature available, it is importantRead MoreEssay On E-Book Publishing Software1212 Words   |  5 Pagesand so much more. The e-books publishing software convert different document formats into e-book format for distribution on the internet. 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Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage Free Essays

Chronister recalled knowing Mr. Rob was â€Å"the one† that night, and Mr. Rob admitted to feeling â€Å"inadequate†¦ ‘ didn’t think I had a shot in hell with her. We will write a custom essay sample on Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now † He decided to pursue her anyway, and said they were inseparable from that night forward. After dating for six months, the couple moved in together and cohabitated for the next 12 years. During that time, they both pursued degrees, Mr. Rob in criminal law and Mrs. Chronister in Biology. Once Mrs. Chronister completed her degree in the summer of 1995, the couple decided to wed. ecause of how their bills nd property were titled, they decided that Mrs. Chronister would not take Mr. Rob’s name after marriage. The couple has no children but consider their two dogs, Buster and Baxter, their children. Mr. Rob is an attorney, and Mrs. Chronister is a substance abuse counselor. When asked to identify the greatest strengths in their marriage, strength. Both feel they can go to each other with any issue, and said they have a high level of mutual respect for one another. When asked to describe conflict resolution within their marriage, Mrs. Chronister reported that while they are both strong-willed and highly opinionated individuals, they respect each other’s opinions and points of view and strive to find a common ground. Mr. Rob said it’s all about â€Å"negotiating. † When asked what role spirituality and faith played in the success of their marriage, Mrs. Chronister said while she is very spiritual, Mr. Rob is much more religious and attends church alone. Mrs. Chronister added that they both hold Christian values and believe you should be kind to everyone no matter what their past is. They agreed that they both strive to be good people and help others when they are in need. When asked to describe the nature of their relationship with their in-laws, they both reported that neither set of in-laws agreed with their cohabitation and that it caused tension on both sides. The couple said once their parents realized that they were being responsible, working adults and getting educations, they â€Å"eased up† and accepted their relationship. Mrs. Chronister said she is very close to Mr. Rob’s father and was close with his mother before she passed away. Mr. Rob reported feeling close to Mrs. Chronister’s parents as well. Concerning roles in the marriage and the challenges associated with those, the couple described Mr. Rob as the breadwinner but much more irresponsible with handling money. Mrs. Chronister handles all finances and pays the bills. Neither of them felt their roles created challenges; Mrs. Chronister said if something comes up where they have a major bill or a vacation to save for, Mr. Rob will give her the money to save and that he doesn’t do anything irresponsible with their money. When asked about one of the biggest challenges they went through as a couple, they agreed it was Mrs. Chronister’s prior addiction to methamphetamine. She reported being sober for 7 years and 5 months as of October 20th, 2013, but said she spiraled out of control during her active drug use. Mrs. Chronister was arrested for distributing and manufacturing methamphetamine, and served 2 h years in prison for the charges. Mr. Rob recalled Mrs. Chronister â€Å"disappearing for days weeks at a time, pawning our things†¦ she Just had no control and I felt so lost. I had no idea where my wife had gone. † Mrs. Chronister said Mr. Rob â€Å"ran around trying to save me, but he couldn’t. It took me wanting to change and save myself. † She said he stood by her side through all of it, and visited her every opportunity he had while she was in prison. When asked to discuss their philosophy on marriage and what they considered to be the most important parts, Mrs. Chronister said friendship was the most important part. Mr. Rob agreed, and added that finding a common ground and compromising with each other was equally important. How to cite Qualitative Interview on Traits of a Healthy Marriage, Papers

Literary Devices Used In Macbeth Essay Example For Students

Literary Devices Used In Macbeth Essay Imagine how dull a Shakespearean play would be without the ingenious literary devices and techniques that contribute so much to the fulfillment of its reader or viewer. Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy that combines fact and legend to tell the story of an eleventh century king. Shakespeare uses numerous types of literary techniques to make this tragic play more appealing. Three literary devices that Shakespeare uses to make Macbeth more interesting and effective are irony, symbolism, and imagery. One technique that Shakespeare uses is irony. Verbal irony is when a character says one thing but means the opposite. When a reader understands the irony of what a character is saying, then he can truly understand the nature and intentions of the character. An example of verbal irony is when Macbeth says to Banquo, â€Å"Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir,/ And I ll request your presence† (Macbeth 3. 1. 13-14). The reader soon discovers that Banquo never makes it to the banquet because he is brutally murdered by order of Macbeth. Shakespeare also uses situation irony. This occurs when the results of an action or event are different than what is expected. An example of situation irony occurs when Macduff talks to Malcolm and discusses the tragedies that are taking place in Scotland. Without knowing that his own family has been slain Macduff says, † Each new morn/ New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows/ Strike heaven on the face† (4. 3. 4-6). Ironically, Macduff comments about widows, while he is completely unaware that he is a widower himself. Irony, a key element to a tragic play like Macbeth, has the ability to make the tragic hero appear more villainous or the down-fall seem even more tragic. The second type of literary device that Shakespeare uses in Macbeth is symbolism. The predominant symbol is blood and is used as an effective method to describe the theme of the play. Not only does blood symbolize bravery, it is also a means of showing treachery and treason and probably most importantly, guilt. One example of bravery occurs when the captain says, â€Å"For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name–/Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel,/Which smoked with bloody execution†(1. 2. 16-18). Soon after this blood changes into a representation of treachery and treason. Lady Macbeth asks the spirits to â€Å"Make thick my blood,/ Stop up th access and passage to remorse† (1. 5. 43-44). She asks the spirits to take away compassion and make her remorseless for the actions she is about to take. Also, when Ross asks, â€Å"Is t known who did this more than bloody deed? † (2. 4. 22), he tries to figure out who performed the disloyal act of murdering the king. Blood is also used many times to express the guilt-ridden consciences of the characters. For instance, Macbeth says, â€Å"What hands are here? Ha! They pluck out mine own eyes! / Will all great Neptune s ocean wash the blood/ Clean from my hand? (2. 3. 58-60). Macbeth obviously feels guilty for killing Duncan in cold blood. Later in the play, Lady Macbeth reveals her guilt while sleepwalking. She walks through the castle carrying a candle. She often sits the candle down and begins to rub her hands as if she is trying to wash them. In her somber state, she cries out: What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our pow r to accompt? Yet who would have thought the old man to have so much blood in him? (5. 1. 38-41). Lady Macbeth feels as though she cannot wipe clean her blood stained hands. .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .postImageUrl , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:hover , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:visited , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:active { border:0!important; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:active , .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212 .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uef4f571df4f94260c45a30a8cc242212:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Juggler by Richard Wilbur Poem Analysis EssayThis is a bit ironic since earlier she told Macbeth, â€Å"A little water clears us of this deed† (2. 2. 66). Lady Macbeth has many dreams and fantasies about blood, which shows that she cannot clear her conscience of this brutal act. Another literary technique that is used in Macbeth is word imagery. Word imagery is a term for a metaphor, a comparison that does not use the words â€Å"like† or â€Å"as†. One of the best examples of this is clothing imagery. For instance, Ross tells Macbeth that he has been named Thane of Cawdor, and Macbeth says, â€Å"The Thane of Cawdor lives. Why do you dress me in/ Borrowed robes? † (1. 3. 108-109). Macbeth asks why Ross is telling him this. This title is like new clothes to him, but this title and these clothes should still belong to the former Thane of Cawdor. Another example of clothing imagery occurs when Macbeth tells his wife that he has second thoughts of killing Duncan. He says, â€Å"I have bought/ Golden opinions from all sorts of people,/ Which would be worn now in their newest gloss† (1. 7. 32-34). Lady Macbeth thinks he is being irrational. Macbeth knows that he is the center of attention now because he saved the country. He also knows that if he kills Duncan everyone would be more interested in the death of their king than in their hero, Macbeth. Shakespeare s work reveals that he knew how to make a play a work of art. Through his use of irony, symbolism, and imagery he is able to grab the reader or the viewer s attention and keep it. These elements have contributed to the endurance of his works for centuries, and they will help it to endure for centuries to come. Without the use of these techniques, Macbeth would not be the tragic play that it is. This play would lack very important methods that help idealize the characters in the play.

American history analysis. Reflecting on the life of President Reagan

Free Essays on Social Penetration Theory And Onions

Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor align people to onions, for people contain a â€Å"multilayered nature of personality† that be broken down and picked apart. When unpeeling an onion, there are many layers to take off. There is also no guarantee for a perfect onion on any part. Mother Nature does not have this in writing; nor do Shaw’s Supermarkets. An onion is certainly not all positive aspects either. Onions, to note, are infamous for making people cry. These tears are a result of the peeling and processing (chopping and cooking) of our onions. This peeling and processing extends to contributing of peeling and processing of others’ onions is the main plotting of Altman and Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory. The theory is applied to the [potential] development of two people getting to know each other. Social Penetration Theory itself is an unfolding theory that predicts the unfolding of individuals. With linking itself to reward/cost, the theory idealizes that two people can develop a relationship in a â€Å"gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of both immediate and forecast outcomes† (Griffin, 133). The outcomes are the reward/cost predictions, both initially and consistently, which will guide the two people into a level of closeness. The levels of closeness discussed are the steps to ‘ultimate’ intimacy. It must be remembered that this is not referring to sexual intercourse, but more on a friendship level. To repeat, the nature of the onion stays relatively pure. As the onion has both inner and outer layers, people feel each other out to express and learn about their layers reciprocally (in the ideal) from each other. However, one may not reciprocate by choice consciously or subconsciously or by a matter of incidental overlook. The onion is not always peeled identically, or for that matter used for cooking either. One guarantee can be proclaimed ... Free Essays on Social Penetration Theory And Onions Free Essays on Social Penetration Theory And Onions Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor align people to onions, for people contain a â€Å"multilayered nature of personality† that be broken down and picked apart. When unpeeling an onion, there are many layers to take off. There is also no guarantee for a perfect onion on any part. Mother Nature does not have this in writing; nor do Shaw’s Supermarkets. An onion is certainly not all positive aspects either. Onions, to note, are infamous for making people cry. These tears are a result of the peeling and processing (chopping and cooking) of our onions. This peeling and processing extends to contributing of peeling and processing of others’ onions is the main plotting of Altman and Taylor’s Social Penetration Theory. The theory is applied to the [potential] development of two people getting to know each other. Social Penetration Theory itself is an unfolding theory that predicts the unfolding of individuals. With linking itself to reward/cost, the theory idealizes that two people can develop a relationship in a â€Å"gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of both immediate and forecast outcomes† (Griffin, 133). The outcomes are the reward/cost predictions, both initially and consistently, which will guide the two people into a level of closeness. The levels of closeness discussed are the steps to ‘ultimate’ intimacy. It must be remembered that this is not referring to sexual intercourse, but more on a friendship level. To repeat, the nature of the onion stays relatively pure. As the onion has both inner and outer layers, people feel each other out to express and learn about their layers reciprocally (in the ideal) from each other. However, one may not reciprocate by choice consciously or subconsciously or by a matter of incidental overlook. The onion is not always peeled identically, or for that matter used for cooking either. One guarantee can be proclaimed ...

Amendment One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amendment One - Essay Example These rights, including the rights of free speech and free press, were hailed as democratic constitutional principles in the first founding of the nation, (American Government 4:111), and the Fourteenth Amendment states that no state can deprive any American citizen of the "equal protection of the laws" (American Government 9:358). It is this nation that Thomas Jefferson envisaged to change into an "Empire of Liberty", of the people, by the people, for the people (American Government 4:116). And the Supreme Court, in all the history of America, has largely strived to uphold these principles. As public trust in government and its affairs wanes with time, especially in the recent decades, the Court becomes ever more venerable and an ever important beacon of hope in the eye of the people. However, some view the increasing influence of the Supreme Court as a blow to democracy. Whatever the case may be, the Court has shaped the practical implementations of the Amendment through its rulings in various cases. No racial and religious discrimination, as proposed by the Amendment has somet

Academy Honesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Academy Honesty - Essay Example Academic honesty is crucial in promoting original ideas and interpretation on issues and topics that are socially, economically and politically relevant. Besides being ethically correct, academic honesty fosters a new breed of innovative thinkers who have the power to influence the critically sensitive paradigms of our time which is fraught with conflicting ideologies and unholy alliances of the vested interests.The purpose of academics is to generate knowledge which is multiplied through interpretation in various formats by scholars. The existing database of knowledge is explored, modified, corrected or even expanded with more fresh inputs by other scholars, thus promoting academic honesty, which relies on acknowledging the efforts of other people. Hence, academic honesty is an important tool to safeguard not only one's works but also to encourage originality and innovative writing in academia.One can use academic honesty by acknowledging the efforts of other scholars and people thr ough proper citations. The ideas and writings of other scholars are duly recognized by having a detailed bibliography, in one's work.Academic honesty is critical to the advancement of knowledge and development of fresh ideas and perspectives on wide ranging issues.

Robin Hood Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robin Hood Case - Assignment Example This ensures that Robin is always can always plan ahead of the Sheriff and each of the Sheriff’s moves will be reactionary. Robin Hood’s key problem is that of infinite resources within Sherwood Forest as a result of change of route by the more wealthy travellers. Following what currently is in place is not sustainable as the lack of resources including insufficient rations will continue to bite and the group will eventually disintegrate. The two characters need a new plan which will uplift their current situation and ensure that they remain true to their pursuit of justice ideals. Applying a uniform tax to all travellers as suggested by Robin Hood will work to ensure that the group loses its key support base of the farmers and the poor. Robin’s last proposition seems to make much more sense in light of the current situation. What is logical is to partner with the rich barons who have the ability and resources to sustain the Merrymen and in exchange, Robin takes up the political course to free King Richard. This is definitely a bad idea as the exercise will now target Robin’s key support base of the poor and the farmers. This is a common pitfall for even established organizations who after sometime start to take for granted their key customers. A similar scenario is replicated when Robin opts to attack his main stay of political support – the poor travellers and famers. The pros of accepting this offer includes the fact that Robin will now have more resources for the welfare of the Merrymen. Another pro emerges in the coalition that will be formed as a result of this cooperation. A working relationship between Robin and the Barons will isolate the Sheriff and Prince John. The cons include the possible loss of focus as now Robin will be forced to concentrate on two concurrent causes, one against the Sheriff and the other directed towards liberating King Richard. Association with the

Malaysias Tourism Industry: An Analysis

Malaysias Tourism Industry: An Analysis 1.0 Introduction The Malaysian tourism industry seems to represent an increasingly important sector and it palys a major role within the Malaysian economy and has been responsible for the growth of the economy over the years. This industry has become a very important source of revenue for the overall economic development of the country. For an industry that is very important, it is empirical that the government take steps to make tourism a strategic economic and employment priority. Logistics is a practice that has been used in several other industries but now is appearing to be very helpful and applicable in the tourist and recreation sector. It is observed here that the travel and tourism industry in Malaysia has continued to improve over the years and this particular industry has managed to make a significant contribution to Malaysias revenue. What is known   here is that the Malaysian travel and tourism industry does continue to remain to be one of the main income earners that continue to help to strengthen Malaysias balance of payment. The tourism industry of Malaysia is capable of being classified into about seven categories ande these are as follows: Edu-tourism Domestic tourism Shopping tourism Medic-toursm Eco-tourism Agro-Tourism Sports tourism In this research, there will be an examination of the issues and problems relating to the logistics practices by firms in various relevant industries that are related to the Malaysain tourism industry and the way that these firms carry out their logistics practices. In essence, the main focus would be on devising essential strategies that would enable these firms to be able to enahnce their practices relating to logistics for the benefit of all of the industry. There are a number of strategies that can be adopted by these firms in order to enhance their performance in this research will be concentrated on identifying one strategy that can help the firms in the tourist industry in Malaysia to enhance their logistics practices. In particular, the viability of the logistics cost analysis strategy will be examined here and a theorization will be made about the viability of the utilization of this strategy to enhance the performance of firms in the tourism industry in Malaysia and the per formance of the industry itself. This research will be capable of producing efficient outputs that will make it possible for conclusions to be drawn about the logistics efficiency of the firms operating within the tourism industry in Malaysia and the possible ways to increase the efficiency of a firms logistics operations in order to ensure enhanced and efficient performance within the industry. After all relevant matter has been factored in, the researcher will be able to highlight all the logistic factors affecting travel and tourism industry in Malaysia and would be able to arrive at a conclusion that can then be used to devise a strategy or framework that can be used by firms in the industry to perfect their logistics practices. 1.1 Problem Statement As noted, there are a number of factors that have been identified as being factors that have caused for the tourism industry to experience setbacks and it is these kinds of setbacks thatt have the impact of reducing the performance of the firms within this industry. Logistical factors are the kinds of factors that could determine the efficiency at which the an organisation within the indsutry is able to operate at maximum efficiency. For a very profitable industry like the Malaysian tourism industry, it is very essential for any kind of factor within the industry that might cause for issues to be faced by the Malaysian tourism sector to be identified and addressed, in order to ensure that this industry continues to be a able to bring in revenue for Malaysia. Problems relating to logistics can always be an impediment to the progress of a firm and even an industry, if all the firms do not have an efficient logistics strategy. Among the relevant firms that are impacted by logistics in t his industry include firms from the services, hospitality, tour operating, tourism oriented and recreation oriented firms. All of these firms are able to utlize various logistics strategies in order to reduce costs and improve their services. These firms are suffering from logistics management issues that are in turn reducing the performance of the entire industry and hence it is essential that these firms adopt a strategy that would improve logistics practices. 1.2 Significance of the Research This research is signficant because it addresses a very essential issue relating to logistics and the way that the logistical practices of an organisation within the tourism industry can affect the way that the firm performs. This research will determine the state of the logistical practices of firms in the industry and the output will be used to determine if there is a deficiency in the logistics practices of firms in the industry. The research will then attempt to make a proposal of strategies in order to perfect the logistics practices of firms in the organisation through the use of strategies and frameworks. 1.3 Scope of Research This research will be focused primarily on examining the logistics practices of firms in the Malaysian tourism industry and the efficiency at which they carry out their logistics practices. The scope would be on examining the logistics practices of firms only from the tourism industry in Malaysia and to propose a strategy within the sphere of logistics that is capable of solving these inefficiencies and issues faced by these firms. 1.4 Research Objectives The main research objectives of the project will be outlined here. The main objective here will be to determine the logistic factors affecting travel and tourism industry in Malaysia. So as to be able. To be able to achieve the primary objective of this research paper, there are a few secondary objectives that have to be determined, among them are as follows: Examining the logistics performance of the tourism industry in Malaysia Determining if Malaysia firms in the tourism industry are suffering from a deficiency in logistcal performance Examining the strategies that can be adopted in order for logistics performance of to be capable of being enhanced in firms operating within the tourism industry, in order to enhance the overall performance of the Malaysian tourism industry. 1.5 Research Questions What is the level of logistics performance of the tourism industry in Malaysia? Is firms in the Malaysian tourism industry suffering from a deficiency in logistcal performance? What are the strategies that can be adopted in order for logistics performance to be capable of being enhanced in firms operating within the tourism industry so as to enhance the overall performance of the Malaysian tourism industry? 2.0   Literature Review In this chapter, there will be a literature review that will be carried out on this research topic and hence this means that there will be a review of literature relating tourism and logistical infrastructure. The review commences with an review of literature that relates to the description of the tourism product, the benefits of investing in tourism, a review of literature concerning tourism management, the charactertistics of the tourism industry, the opinions of past researchers about the strategies that can be used to enahnce the logistics practices within the industry to deliver value, the value chain of the tourism industry. 2.1 Characteristics of the Tourism Industy According to Dwyer and Forsyth, (1997), the tourism industry does have a number of characteristics of a competitive market. Essentially, there are very few barriers to entry into the market, the market can be described as being a truly global market that have a few unnatural barriers to trade, there are a large number of firms within the industry and the prices are set on the sole basis of market expectations, essentially. Within a highly competitive market like tourism, there does not seem to be any difference, when it comes to the yield from different types of tourists. Within this kind of a competitive market, resources have to be deployed at a level that does reflect their opportunity cost. What this mean here is that they will be employed at a level that makes it possible to provides a sufficient return to investors when talking in terms of the cost of capital. If there are resources which provide above normal profits they are bid up in price and any abnormal profit is dissipated into the cost of capital (Dwyer and Forsyth, 1997). 2.2 The Tourism Product Described 2.2.1 Features of the Tourism Product It has been stated that Yilmaz and Bititci, (2006), that the tourism product is said to carry the characteristics pertaining to the service product as well as the characteristics that are special to the tourism industry, and it is this that tends to make the   tourism product to be much different from physical goods. What can be said here is that these characteristics are very effective when it relates to the performance of the tourism establishments and they have to be taken into consideration when performance measurement and management systems are being designed. A very special and distinctive features of the tourism product can eb said as it being unable to be seen and touched physically before being purchased, and which means that it is intangible. It is appreicated here that this kind of intangibility does essentially make it harder to buy but easier to be able to distribute (Evans et al., 2003). It does also make tourism to be dependent on the representations as well as the descriptions that are within printed or audio-visual forms, and, hence, it is theorized here that information is the vital tool which makes it possible to bind producers within the travel industry (Ujma, 2001). The main role of travel information that is for consumers can be siad to be very significant as visitors tend become exposed to trhe risk in buying vacations that they believe to be able to satisfy their various needs and wants that are said to be very important to them (Mill and Morrison, 2002) and (Yilmaz and Bititci, 2006). The next feature of the tourism product is its perishability and what can be stated here is that the   tourism product, like an airplane seat or hotel bed, is incapable of being stored for future sale. This can be decribed as being a differences that is present between tourism and manufacturing products. It is this kind of characteristic of the tourism product that does haev an impact on the marketing efforts as well as the operations of the tourism businesses. The main marketing challenge here would be to operate at full capacity for as long as possible and the company would have to design various kinds of marketing strategies for the ultimate purpose of stimulating the demand (Callaghan et al., 1994) and (Yilmaz and Bititci, 2006). 2.2.2 The Value Chain of the Tourism Industry This industry is one that has been analysed in a holistic manner through a number of distribution channel perspective by a number of authors and researchers (Middleton and Clark, 2001), (Mill and Morrison, 2002), (Halloway, 1998) and (Laws, 1997). A common theme that has been noted among a number of researchers is that there seems to be a lack of customer-oriented approach within the end-to-end value chain. It is noted that customers tend to view the tourism product as something that is a seamless product and that needs to be handled from the view point of the customer in order to be able to measure the tourism value chain in an efficient way. There has been a great amount of emphasis that has been given to service, quality, and customer satisfaction issues, and within the connection to the business performance within the tourism industry, it is quite surprising not to find a customer-oriented approach present within the tourism value chain (Yilmaz and Bititci, 2006). The tourism value chain is noted to commence with the customer order and more often than not, customers or tourists do have a few alternatives when it comes to purchasing the tourism product and it is noted here that they are capable of either arranging their travel plan with the assistence of tour operators or even outbound travel agents, which does have an advantage of taking professional advice in relation to all of the holiday package without any kind of thinking; or arranging it themselves and this permits them to be very flexible when it comes to their travel experience. It can be said here that incoming travel agents is capable of being used to make transfer arrangements from/to the airport to/from the hotel and for daily excursions as well as   other activities that are normally held at the destination (Yilmaz and Bititci, 2006). The delivery of the services is capable of being dvided into three sub sectors and these include accommodation, transportation and incoming travel services. The performance of the delivery stage is one that is affected by the various relations between these main industry players. Hence, it can be said here that performance measures would be required to reflect the interdependency features of the industry (Yilmaz and Bititci, 2006). The transportation part of the service is where logistics really come into play and the existance of bad infrastructure would damage the entire service offering. 2.3 The Concept of Tourism Yield Dwyer and Forsyth, (1997) state here that tourism yield can be said to be the net benefit that accrues to the host country from international visitors and this means that it is the benefits minus the costs of tourism activity. This particular definition does believe the complexity of identifying, at the national level, all of the costs and the benefits of tourism, and every one of these has different kinds of patterns of activity and impact At the firm level, a measure like this is very critically important as it is a measure of survival. In essence, Tisdell (1993) has provided a list of target variables of possible importance to governments when it comes to formulating policy in terms of foreign tourism and these are listed out below: foreign exchange earnings net national economic benefits that are obatined from foreign tourists as being measured by changes that take place within the economic surpluses employment generation; cultural and sociological impact in regards to the host population conservational or environmental impact promotion of international understanding and co-operation income distribution consequences. (Dwyer andForsyth, 1997) 2.4 Market for Tourism and Recreational Services It is noted here that the market of tourist and recreational services is composed of the following: hospitality services catering services tour operating services tourism oriented services recreation oriented services (Kordel, 2008) It is these segments of the market where a large number of firms, business entities and also incorporated companies are said to operate easily and are able to successfully adopt the concept of logistics. Essentially speaking, the science of logistics is said to combine theoretical and practical issues and each and every one of its theories is capable of being easily implemented as well as confronted with realityfor the purposes of verifying that they are efficient and applicable in real life (Kordel, 2008) 2.5 Logistics and Cost Analysis Issues For instance, taking into account the hospitality services sector, it is noted that   there are some areas where logistics play a vital role and it is noted here that the efficiency as well as the quality of hospitality services is capable of being improved via efficient logistics management of the following: hotel management quality management information management marketing (Kordel, 2008) In looking at the hospitality sector from a very comprehensive point of view, a number of different processes are observed to take place and these include the following: supply processes service production processes distribution processes storage and warehousing processes information transmission processes (Kordel, 2008) 2.5.1 Minimalization of Costs These areas that have been outlined above have to be referred to when it comes to searching for minimalization of costs as well as to locate the most appropriate solutions that are possible for the purposes of gaining a strong, a very competitive and very leading position within the market (Kordel, 2008) . All of these processes have to be examined from the view point of costs that they are bringing about   and then be classified according to genre and amount. This would permit for the calculation of total and unit logistics cost, and these are noted to be very essential factors that impact the competitiveness of companies. Total logistics costs analysis can be described as being the main key to managing the logistics function and this is why it is essential that the management take into consideration all logistics cost (Kordel, 2008) With the hotel industry, for instance, the total amount of logistics cost is said to include the following: cost of supply activities cost of information cost of operation cost of marketing cost of distribution cost of additional services cost of insurance cost of transport activities cost of personnel other financial costs (Kordel, 2008) 2.5.2 Utilization of Costs Analysis to Improve Logistics Practices In essence, the issue of costs is said to be an essential problem and due to the fact that its role in todays economy can be said to continue to grow, they have to be brought up to everyones attention, they have to be properly classified, diagnosed, analyzed and then utilized for the purposes of decision making process. However, most of the companies can be said to be fitted with basic financial and accounting systems and it is noted here that these do not register the logistics costs and it makes it hard to which makes it difficult to diagnose and analyze them (Kordel, 2008). The processes noted above have to eb examined from the point of view of costs. The utlization of cost analysis is noted to be carried out accroding to these above specifications and could help when it comes to calculating all of the logistics cost concerning the particular firm in the tourism industry and it will also indicate the kind of components that are able to generate the most costs and hence are required to be minimized. It is appreciated here that companies can easily enhance their market competitiveness by reducing their logistics costs abnd this eventually results in lowering the total costs of goods and services (Kordel, 2008). Because it might be hard to make a determination of the individual component of logistics costs that have to be reduced, companies need to make attempts to integrate the logistics system as opposed to lowering total logistics costs. This kind of solution can be said to be very safe especially that wrong diagnosis of individual costs may lead to an increase of total logistics costs. Hence, it is essential to remember that in tourism and hospitality business, the effective cost reduction as well as the ability to manage the total logistics costs in the right way can be said to be very helpful when it comes to building a strong position in the market (Kordel, 2008). In essence, keeping track of all logistics costs that are said to be borne by companies from tourist and recreation sector could be easier if only these companies are equipped with additional software that are dedicated towards logistics costs registration and these companies are able to carry out regular research by themselves concerning their very own initial costs.m In general terms, for the hospitality sector to be capable of operating properly and without any sort of objections, there are some issues that have to be taken into account and these are as follows: Modern logistics solutions have to be constantly updated and implemented There needs to be an analysis of supply chain costs There has to be a much wider spectrum of controlling system that has to be implemented Essential decisions that are made have to be consulted with professionals. (Kordel, 2008) For the purposes of having a better understand of the concept that is trying to be presented here, the following matters need attention: Services that are provided by these firms need to meet certain quality standards. Customer are to be considered as being merchandise and all the costs that are borne need to be   classified as being according to the logistics processes. Realization costs related to controlling systems that are orne in logistics processes need to be implemented There has to be accurate and prompt decisions that need to be made in relation to logistics processes being executed. (Kordel, 2008) 2.6 The Role of Information Technology in the Tourism Industry and its Impact of Logistics The information technologies are said to play a very significant role within the tourism industry and it is appreicated here that the impacts of the internet (Wynee et al., 2001) and (Dambro and Wilson, 2004) and the computer reservation systems (Duliba and Kauffman, 2001) and (Alamdari, 2002) within the distribution value channel of tourism are subjects of thorough discussion. Information technologies do permit the suppliers, like the   airlines and hotels, to be capable of monitoring, managing and controling their capacity via communicating with the intermediaries together with the end consumers. For instance, it is noted here that authorized tour operators are able to access a dedicated part of a hotel companys intranet in order to be able to view room rates and the availability of these rooms for their customers. Such kind of transparency as well as interactivity makes it possible to increases the efficiency as well as the productivity of all of the value chain (Buhalis, 2003). It can be theorized here that IT does enhance logistics very well and it enhanced speed, efficiency and dependability within the entire tourism industry. 3.0 Methodology In this chapter, the methodology of the research will be outlined very comprehensively. This means that there will be an elaboration of the various methodological tools that will be used in this research for the purposes of collecting data. These are the tools that will be used to gather information that will then be subjected to analysis and for conclusions to be drawn. For this research, there would be the use of primary and secondary research tools that will be utilized in conjunction with each other. The use of both these tools will ensure that quality data will be obtained for the puposes of the research. The research design and the theoretical framework for the research will also be outlined in this chapter. 3.1 Methodological Tools Utlized As noted previously, the methodological tools that will be utlized here will comprise of a combination of primary and secondary research tools. Below will be an identification and description of the types of tools that are to be used. 3.1.1 Primary Research Tools Primary research does essentially involves the collection of data concerning a given subject directly from the real world. Here, there will be a description of what primary research is, the ethics that are involved with primary research and different types of research that can be done (Driscoll and Brizee, 2010). In essence, primary research is any sort of research that can be done through the use of surveys and interviews. A researcher that is very talented will be one that will be able to use both primary and secondary research sources and to be able to integrate them in a very cohesive fashion. The ability to perform primary research can be said to be a useful skill as it is able to acquire information that can supplement ones research in secondary sources (Purdue.Edu -Primary Research, 2010). It is appreicated here that the primary data that has been collected via the methods that have been described above are generally qualitative in nature or in some cases, quantitative (TVU.AC.UK   -Primar Research Methodologies, 2010). For this research, the types of primary research that will be carried out will be as follows: 1. Interviews 2. Questionnaires 3.1.2 Primary Research Tool 1 Interviews Interviews can be described as being one-on-one or small group question and answer sessions that will be carried out by the researcher and the interviewees. These interviews will be abel to provide a great amount of information from a few persons and they are essential when it comes to getting expert or knowledgeable opinion in relation to a particular subject, like logistics in the Malaysian tourism industry (Purdue.Edu -Primary Research, 2010) and (Driscoll and Brizee, 2010). The advantages of interviews are as follows: Able to get accurate information. High response rate. Able to be completed immediately Ability for interviewer to help if they is problems Ability to investigate motives and feelings. Ability to use recording equipment (TVU.AC.UK   -Primar Research Methodologies, 2010) In essence,   a total of 5 interviews will be carried out with managers from firms within the tourism industry in Malaysia. The researcher aims to get a wealth of information from these managers about their thoughts and perspectives about the performance of the firms in the tourism industry in Malaysia, the issues that are reducing its performance and the strategies that can be used to improve its performance. These interviews will be vital towards the satisfying of the research objectives. 3.1.3 Primary Research Tool 2- Questionnaire Questionnaires will be the next kind of primary research source that will be utilized here and in this questionnaire can be described as a type of questioning that is far more rigid as opposed to interviews and it also tends to involve much larger groups of people. In essence, these surveys are likely to   provide a limited amount of information from a very large group of persons but they are very useful when it comes to having an understanding about what a larger population thinks about the issue concerned (Purdue.Edu -Primary Research, 2010) and (Driscoll and Brizee, 2010). The main advantages of using questionnaires are as follows: Able to be used in its own right Able to be posted, e-mailed or faxed and this increases speed and saves time Able to cover a large number of persons Very wide geographic coverage. Inexpensive Respondent has the chance to consider responses. There is anonymity of respondent. Absence of interviewer bias (TVU.AC.UK   -Primar Research Methodologies, 2010) A total of 110 questionnaires will be distributed to members of the target group and these essentiall comprise of persons from firms within the tourism industry in Malaysia. The researcher proposes to collect a large amount of information from this target group in order to determine the issues facing the tourism industry, the practices of these firms, what they are doing to improve themselves and the strategies that they can adopt in order to improve their practices for the benefit of their firm as well as the industry. 3.1.4 Secondary Research Tools Secondary research methods are research methods that are used to collect information from sources that have already been researched on before. Secondary research would involve the processing of data that has already been collected by researcher previously and it makes reference to the consultation of previous studies as well as findings and these include reports, press articles as well as previous market research projects so as to be able to reach a conclusion. A secondary research method would be premised on information that has been collected from studies previously performed and hence it is a reseaerch method that is not very expensive in contrast to primary research because it does not require new research methods. The main disadvantage of this research type is that the information that has been collected might be old and obsolete and this might mean that the results of analysis could be inaccurate (Business Teacher -Primary-Secondary Market Research, 2010). There are a number of secondary research sources that can be used to collect information and the ones that will be utlized for this research invovle the following below: Published texts concerning theoretical work and aslo secondary analyses that have been carried out by ‘experts and reports Various media like the internet, television and radio that act as sources of information (Secondary Research Methods, 2010) Below would be the main advantages of secondary reseaerch: Inexpensive and highly accessible Only method of examining large-scale trends Abilit to gather a large amount of date especially from the internet (Secondary Research Methods, 2010) 3.2 Research Design In relation to to reseach design for this project, this relates to the decision making selections that are rational and here there will be an elaboration of the type of study that will be carried out, the level of control and other issues related to the project. This research typically involves making a research of the logistics practices and conditions in the Malaysia tourism industry and what improvements that need to be made to enhance the logistics so as to bring positive enhancements to the industry. Concerning the kind of study invovled, this will be an exploratory study as they has been very little research that has been carried out on the logistics of the Malaysian tourism industry and the approaches that have been taken by the Malaysian government to improve it. The level of interference by the researcher was kept minimal so as to ensure that it does not have a bad impact on the research and that the completion of the project is not delayed. Practically, there are a number of sampling techniques that can be used for a research like this and these are discussed now. The first of these is cluster sampling and this is the kind of sampling that can be used where the larger population has been divided into much smaller clusters and they are selected randomly for the study. The next type of sampling is systematic sampling and this is a technique whereby the researcher is able to sele

Essay on Responding to Pain in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea

Responding to Pain in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea    In both Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, the main characters Jane and Antoinette are faced with hardships that affect each of them in different ways. In the passages below, the authors Charlotte Bronte and Jean Rhys illustrate that Jane and Antoinette grew fond of inanimate objects in response to the hurt that they had suffered in life. Although Jane and Antoinette appear to have come from painful backgrounds, each deals with her pain in a different manner, and therefore each leads a very different life into adulthood. Because of their varying attitudes towards life and hardships, Jane and Antoinette lived very different life styles despite similarities early in life.    "... I then sat with my doll on my knee till the fire got low, glancing round occasionally to make sure that nothing worse than myself haunted the shadowy room; and when the ember sank to a dull red, I undressed hastily, tugging at knots and strings as I might best, and sought for shelter from cold and darkness in my crib. To this crib I always took my doll; human beings must love something, and in the dearth of worthier objects of affection, I contrived to find a pleasure in loving and cherishing a faded graven image, shabby as a miniature scarecrow. It puzzles me now to remember with what absurd sincerity I doated on this little toy, half fancying it alive and capable of sensation. I could not sleep unless it was folded in my night-gown; and when it lay there safe and warm, I was comparatively happy, believing it to be happy likewise...." --from Jane Eyre, chapter 4    "...I left a light on the chair by my bed and waited for Christophine, for I liked to see her last thing. But she di... ..., and Jane Eyre may have had a tragic ending if she had married St. John. However, their approaches to life in response to pain determined the outcomes of their lives. Possibly, if Antoinette had searched for love, be it in a doll or a human being, she may have found it.    Works Cited and Consulted Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. "Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15. Essay on Responding to Pain in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea Responding to Pain in Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea    In both Jane Eyre and Wide Sargasso Sea, the main characters Jane and Antoinette are faced with hardships that affect each of them in different ways. In the passages below, the authors Charlotte Bronte and Jean Rhys illustrate that Jane and Antoinette grew fond of inanimate objects in response to the hurt that they had suffered in life. Although Jane and Antoinette appear to have come from painful backgrounds, each deals with her pain in a different manner, and therefore each leads a very different life into adulthood. Because of their varying attitudes towards life and hardships, Jane and Antoinette lived very different life styles despite similarities early in life.    "... I then sat with my doll on my knee till the fire got low, glancing round occasionally to make sure that nothing worse than myself haunted the shadowy room; and when the ember sank to a dull red, I undressed hastily, tugging at knots and strings as I might best, and sought for shelter from cold and darkness in my crib. To this crib I always took my doll; human beings must love something, and in the dearth of worthier objects of affection, I contrived to find a pleasure in loving and cherishing a faded graven image, shabby as a miniature scarecrow. It puzzles me now to remember with what absurd sincerity I doated on this little toy, half fancying it alive and capable of sensation. I could not sleep unless it was folded in my night-gown; and when it lay there safe and warm, I was comparatively happy, believing it to be happy likewise...." --from Jane Eyre, chapter 4    "...I left a light on the chair by my bed and waited for Christophine, for I liked to see her last thing. But she di... ..., and Jane Eyre may have had a tragic ending if she had married St. John. However, their approaches to life in response to pain determined the outcomes of their lives. Possibly, if Antoinette had searched for love, be it in a doll or a human being, she may have found it.    Works Cited and Consulted Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1991 Ciolkowski, Laura E.. "Navigating the Wide Sargasso Sea ¨ Twentieth Century Literature. Vol 43. 3. 1997:125-140. Gates, Barbara Timm, ed. Critical Essays on Charlotte Bronte. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1990. Howells, Coral Ann. Jean Rhys. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. 1991. Macpherson, Pat. Reflecting on Jane Eyre. London: Routledge, 1989. Rhys, Jean. Wide Sargasso Sea. London: Penguin, 1968. Wyndham, F. Introduction. Wide Sargasso Sea. By Jean Rhys. London: Penguin, 1996. 1-15.

Discuss the role of emotion in psychology Essay

Emotion is often the greatest cause for either enhanced recall or impaired recall. Through many studies psychologists have found that it is not only facts we store in our memory but the emotion surrounding them.  Flashbulb memories involve an enduring imprint of events surrounding an important incident, the memory is not the event itself but where you were and what you were doing when you heard about it. Sheingold and Tenney (1982) provided evidence to support the concept of flashbulb memories. Participants were asked about personal memories and found most had good memories for when they were told and who told them. They found the flashbulb memories were strong and remained consistent over time; however there is no way of checking the accuracy of these memories. As shown by Sheingold and Tenney, a flashbulb memory’s characteristic involves consistency and has an unchanging nature and they also involve a high level of emotional arousal which leads to better recall of the event. However Wright (1993) found evidence that goes against this definition, the study involved looking at people’s memories of the Hillsborough football disaster in 1989, 5 moths after the event. It was found that most of the participants didn’t report strong flashbulb memories; in fact many people had reconstructed their memories and had mixed their own with other people’s accounts. This evidence therefore goes against the idea that flashbulb memories remain consistent over time. On the other hand Conway (1994) suggested that the reason some studies don’t support flashbulb memories is because the event wasn’t significant to the individuals. Conway et al used Mrs Thatcher’s resignation as the basis for the creation of flashbulb memories. 11 months after 86% of the UK participants has a strong and consistent flashbulb memory compared to only 29% participants from other countries. This research suggests that flashbulb memories will only be strong if the event surrounding it is significant to the individual; the UK participants would have been more aware and connected to Mrs Thatcher’s resignation than participants from other countries. The role of emotion is memory can also cause impaired memory. Freud proposed the idea of repression; unwanted memories are pushed down into the unconscious mind so you forget them. Freud described this process as a way of the ego protecting itself from emotional conflict which is often the result of harsh experiences. Williams (1994) interviewed women who has been admitted to hospital on the grounds of sexual assault, 20years previously, (they were told the study was a follow up of medical care). Williams found that 38% of the women did not show any recall of being sexually abused and that 16% of the women that did, said that at one time they couldn’t remember they had. This study therefore provides strong evidence to support the repression theory, a traumatic event was repressed and some couldn’t recall it even 20 years later. Repressed memories are defined as a traumatic event placed beyond conscious awareness. Because of this placement, these memories can also affect conscious thought. Forgetting a traumatic event, like Williams (1994) research, has also been studied through case studies. One of the most famous is Bavers (1981) study on sirhan sirhan, the man who shot Robert Kennedy, who has no recall of doing so. In this case the emotions of regret and shame were probably the cause of the repression and the reason he cannot remember what he did. It has also been suggested that repressed memories can also cause anxiety and disordered behaviour. A study that supports this concept was carried out by Karon and Widener (1997) who found that once trauma was recalled in therapy, mental illness in World War 2 veterans completely alleviated, therefore supporting Freud’s theory. However Loftus and Pickrell (1995) found evidence against Frued’s repression theory. The study was called ‘lost in the mall’ and the false memory of getting lost in a shopping centre as a child was implanted into the participants. After the debriefing 20% still held to their belief that this happened to them, even though it was a false memory showing trauma has a great affect on memory even though the memory was false but going against Frued as the memory wasn’t real. Another study by Loftus and Palmer created a theory called the ‘Weapon effect’ this was during a highly emotional event such as a robbery or assault, an eye witnesses’ recall was altered due to their focus on a weapon being used. Finally a depressive state also has an influence on memory. Negative emotions often create a negative recall bias which makes depressed people only focus on negative and unhappy experiences; a mood dependent memory. Lyketsos (2001) found in support of this that depression may lead people to be inattentive and so they don’t encode new memories into the long term memory well, therefore recall is much poorer. In further support of this Antikainen et al (2001) studied 174 depressed patients and found they performed better on memory tasks and had fewer memory problems after 6 months treatment. In conclusion emotion plays an important role in memory. It can often lead to enhanced memory, such as flashbulb memories, or impaired memory such as the repression of traumatic experiences. Negative emotion is also responsible for a lack of memory such as when someone is depressed. Overall memories are largely influenced by emotion the more positive we are the more likely we are to recall, the more negative the less likely we will recall and are more likely to forget.

Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities

Top Biology Programs in U.S. Universities College and university biology programs provide the opportunity to study a plethora of ideas and concepts. Below is a list of the top biology programs from colleges and universities in the United States. Obviously, publications rate the programs differently, but Ive seen the following programs turn up consistently in the rankings. It is always best to compare and contrast different programs as biology programs are unique. Always choose the best school for your interests and aspirations. Good luck! Top Biology Programs: East Boston UniversityOffers programs of study with undergraduate specialization in behavioral biology, cell biology, molecular biology genetics, ecology conservation biology, neurobiology, and quantitative biology. Brown UniversityOffers opportunities for study at all levels of biological organization, as well as a range of collaborative opportunities for independent study and research. Carnegie Mellon UniversityOne of the nations top private research institutions, this university offers courses that focus on five core areas: genetics and molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics, cell and developmental biology, neuroscience, and computational biology. Columbia UniversityOffers programs to prepare students for careers in basic research, medicine, public health, and biotechnology. Cornell UniversityCornells Biological Sciences program has hundreds of course offerings with concentrations in fields such as animal physiology, biochemistry, computational biology, marine biology, and plant biology. Dartmouth CollegeCourses of study provide students with an understanding of biology at environmental, organismal, cellular, and molecular levels. Duke UniversityProvides opportunities for specializations in sub-disciplines including anatomy, physiology and biomechanics, animal behavior, biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, marine biology, neurobiology, pharmacology, and plant biology. Emory UniversityOffers advanced programs of study in various sub-disciplines including cell and molecular biology, physiology, ecology and evolutionary biology. Harvard UniversityOffers specialized plans of study in biomedical engineering, chemical and physical biology (CPB), chemistry, human developmental and regenerative biology (HDRB), human evolutionary biology (HEB), molecular and cellular biology (MCB), neurobiology, organismic and evolutionary biology (OEB), and psychology. Johns Hopkins UniversityOffers opportunities for study in biomedical engineering, neuroscience, biophysics, cellular and molecular biology, microbiology, and much more. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)MIT offers courses of study in areas such as biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, neurobiology, and computational biology. Penn State UniversityIncludes programs of study in fields including general biology, ecology, genetics developmental biology, neuroscience, plant biology, and vertebrate physiology. Princeton UniversityOffers opportunities for study in areas including molecular biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, and chemical and biological engineering. University of North Carolina at Chapel HillThe programs of study at UNC prepare students for careers in the biological, environmental, and medical sciences. This includes fields such as medical, dental, and veterinary medicine. University of PennsylvaniaOffers areas of study including genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, development, plant biology, vertebrate physiology, neurobiology, behavior, ecology, and evolution. University of VirginiaThe biology curriculum offers specialization in areas such as genetics, molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, and evolution. Yale UniversityThe Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology (MCDB) provides opportunities for study in biotechnology, plant sciences, neurobiology, genetics, cell and developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, and chemical biology. Central Indiana University - BloomingtonStudents earning a degree in biology at this university are prepared for careers in biology, biotechnology, and health-related fields. Specialized areas of study include ecology, genetics, microbiology, cellular, developmental, environmental, and molecular biology. Michigan State UniversityOffers various programs in the biological sciences including biochemistry and molecular biology. Northwestern UniversityOffers opportunities for study in the biological sciences with concentrations in biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, neurobiology, physiology, and plant biology. Ohio State UniversityPrograms of study include forensic biology, life sciences education, and pre-health professions. Purdue UniversityOffers a wide range of study in fields of biology such as biochemistry; cell, molecular, and developmental biology; ecology, evolution, and environmental biology; genetics; health and disease; microbiology; and neurobiology and physiology. University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignProvides opportunities for study in genomics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and cell and molecular biology. University of IowaOffers biology programs of study in areas including cell and developmental biology, evolution, genetics, neurobiology, and plant biology. University of Michigan at Ann ArborPrograms provide opportunities for study in ecology and evolutionary biology; molecular, cellular and developmental biology, and neuroscience. University of Notre DameBiological and environmental sciences programs allow students to study evolutionary biology, cellular and molecular biology, cancer biology, immunology, neuroscience, and more. Vanderbilt UniversityOffers courses and research opportunities in biochemistry, structural biology and biophysics, cell biology, genetics, molecular biology, computational biology, evolutionary biology, ecology, developmental biology, and neurobiology. Washington University in St. LouisProvides opportunities for study in genetics, neuroscience, development, population biology, plant biology, and more. West Arizona State UniversityThe field of biological science at Arizona State offers opportunities for study in animal physiology and behavior; biology and society; conservation biology and ecology; genetics, cell and developmental biology. Baylor UniversityBiology programs at Baylor are designed for students interested in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, ecology, environmental science, wildlife, conservation, forestry, genetics, or other areas of biology. Rice UniversityOffers opportunities to study in biochemistry and cell biology; biological sciences; ecology and evolutionary biology. University  of Colorado at BoulderOffers four undergraduate  biology-related  programs of study in molecular, cellular and developmental biology; ecology and evolutionary biology; integrative physiology; and biochemistry. University of KansasProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry, biology, microbiology, and molecular biosciences. University of MinnesotaPrograms of study in biology and in cell and molecular biology are offered for individuals interested in graduate study or professional training in the biological and health sciences. University of MontanaOffers opportunities to earn degrees in biology, microbiology, and medical technology. University of Nevada Las VegasUNLVs biological sciences program offers areas of concentration in biotechnology, cell and molecular biology, comprehensive biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, education, integrative physiology, and microbiology. University of OklahomaThis biological sciences program prepares students to enter medical, dental, or veterinary training, as well as other  biology-related  careers. University of OregonOffers biology programs of study with concentrations in ecology evolution; human biology; marine biology; molecular cellular developmental biology; and neuroscience behavior. University of Wisconsin at MadisonThe University of Wisconsins biology program includes opportunities for specialization in neurobiology and evolutionary biology. Pacific California Institute of TechnologyOffers opportunities for study in biology or  bioengineering. Stanford UniversityThis biology program gives students the foundation needed to pursue careers in the medical and veterinary  fields, as well as preparation for graduate study. University of California at BerkeleyProvides opportunities for study in biochemistry molecular biology; cell developmental biology; genetics, genomics development; immunology pathogenesis; and neurobiology. University of California at DavisStudent may choose to major in several concentrations including biochemistry and molecular biology; biological sciences;  cell biology; evolution, ecology and biodiversity; exercise biology; genetics; microbiology; neurobiology, physiology and behavior; and plant biology. University of California at IrvineOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences, biochemistry and molecular biology, biology/education, developmental and cell biology, ecology and evolutionary biology, genetics, microbiology and immunology, and neurobiology. University of California at Los AngelesProvides opportunities to study in biology and a number of biology-related areas including  ecology, behavior, and evolution; marine biology; microbiology, immunology, molecular genetics; molecular, cell developmental biology; integrative biology and physiology; neuroscience; and computational systems biology. University of California at Santa BarbaraStudents may choose to major in several specialized areas of biology including aquatic biology; biochemistry and molecular biology; ecology and evolution; cell and developmental biology; pharmacology; physiology; and zoology. University of Southern CaliforniaOffers opportunities for study in biological sciences,  human development  and aging, neuroscience, environmental science, and more. University of Washington at SeattleProvides opportunities for study in areas of biology including ecology, evolution, conservation biology; molecular, cellular developmental biology; physiology and plant biology.

Translating Since in Spanish

Translating Since in Spanish The English word since has several meanings and can function as at least three parts of speech - adverb, conjunction and preposition, and they cant all be translated to Spanish the same way. Following are some of the most common ways of translating since; this is not a complete list, although usually one of these can be used in most situations. Since When Since meaning from a certain time forward: When using a date or time, the preposition desde can usually be used: Nueve periodistas espaà ±oles han muerto en conflictos desde 1980. Nine Spanish journalists have died in conflicts since 1980.Desde hace una hora ya no tengo trabajo. I have been without work since an hour ago.Estn en huelga desde la semana pasada. They have been on strike since last week.Mi madre desde entonces no es lo que era. My mother since then isnt what she used to be. Note that as in the examples above, the present tense of the verb is used even though the action began in the past. When since is used by itself as an adverb, it usually is the equivalent of since then, so desde entonces can be used: No ha llovido desde entonces. It hasnt rained since. Desde que can be used in constructions such as the following: Parece que pasaron 15 minutos y no 15 aà ±os desde que nos fuimos. It seems like 15 minutes have passed and not 15 years since we went away.Desde que trabajà © aquà ­, he tenido muchas oportunidades. Since I started working here, I have had many opportunities.Desde que te vi no puedo dejar de pensar en ti. Since I saw you I cant stop thinking about you. Since Why Since as introducing a reason: When since is used to explain why something is being done or occurring, you often can use one or more of the words or phrases of causation. Other words or phrases can be used in addition to those below: Como porque tengo hambre. I am eating since I am hungry.Como Henry tenà ­a miedo a volar, rehusà ³ ir a Londres. Since Henry was afraid to fly, he refused to go to London.Dado que soy celà ­aco  ¿quà © alimentos puedo injerir? Since I have celiac disease, what foods can I eat?No importa, ya que es sà ³lo un sueà ±o. It doesnt matter, since its only a dream.

Self reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Self reflection - Essay Example I observed that choosing the appropriate equipment for would care and explaining the necessity of such a task to the patients took a long time but interesting. It is quite helpful to be aware of the determinants of health as far as the 3EB patients are concerned: I spend some time identifying the socio-economic factors that may affect the quality of nursing treatment they received. I also looked at their physical environments and their personality/characteristics in order to determine the appropriate nursing attention that would be of utmost usefulness to them. I worked hard on my communication skill as I gently prodded the patients to voice out their concerns. I was able to achieve some success in this regard because I showed absolute interest in the patients and expressed my willingness to help them by actively listening to their health-related complaints (Thomas & Pollio, 2002). I adjusted my tone to the patients’ so as to win their hearts and trust. In the course of this process, I was able to quickly pass their requirements to other health officials that were directly connected to their treatment. I realized that the individual factors could either hinder or assist the smooth application of clinical treatment on the patients (Thomas & Pollio, 2002). If I have decided to be selfish and uncaring, the patient would be reluctant to communicate with me. But since both the patient and I felt the individual responsibility to communicate meaningfully, it was possible to elicit vital information that would help the patient to recover. I reckoned that the bulk of nursing activities I carried out at 3 EB required that I first of all paid serious attention to the patients’ needs, and then mapped out my solutions to whatever health problems using my mini care plan. This involved collective action from both the patient and I: I was ready to help, and the patient was ready to be submissive to my care. I also learned about the importance of time management and

Book Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book Questions - Essay Example They started decoding coded telegraphs, dicing-out captured documents and intercepted mails, and endlessly interrogated their prisoners. The role of intelligence was very vital in the outcome of critical battles. In the absence of the advanced equipment that we have today such as satellite radios, tracking devices and spy cameras, both sides were able to fairly execute their national-level military intelligence service though neither government had any formal training. General Washingtons agents came in different shapes and sizes of men and women. Many of these agents will never be suspected because they were considered to be bandits or outlaws by their neighbors. General Washington done a great job in finding people with best talents in military deception and counterintelligence. Most of all, each was dedicated to the General and the Independence of their country. Espionage ruled over the revolution and without it, the war could have ended in a different way (History of American Int elligence, 2007). The Pueblo revolt can be described as a sudden eruption of a volcano. The underlying causes of the revolt was attributed to their inborn hatred of the Spanish, the love of Pueblos to their ancient way of life, and due to their denigration and prohibition of the traditional religion. The pain-stricken Pueblo natives turned back to their old gods because they were unsatisfied with the protective powers of the the god and church that the Spanish imposed to them. Conflict between the Spanish government and the Franciscans began when the governor issued an order which allowed the native religious rituals. The Franciscans called them â€Å"devil worshipers† and fumed, railed and burned not just Pueblo religious items but the people as well. Peace and harmony were completely vanished. It was a loop of Indians getting hurt, then they would tell the Spanish government that in turn favored them. From the 1660s up to the 1670s, the Pueblo people went through

Historical Personalities Of World War II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Historical Personalities Of World War II - Essay Example The Populist Fronts tended to be so dear to Stalin that while he intended to rouse the Russian masses by gathering them around the idea of opposition to Hitler, at the same time Stalin was trying to strike a deal with the Nazi dictator because he considered Hitler to be an imminent threat to the Russian bureaucracy. In that context, Stalin played into the hands of Hitler by allowing the Nazi’s to have a striking success on the Western front before Hitler turned his attention to the East that is the USSR. As per Trotsky, had Stalin not been so particular about consolidating his hold on the USSR, it would have definitely allowed him to pressurize Hitler on the Eastern front, thereby perhaps inhibiting him from advancing so confidently in the West. Somewhere, Stalin’s strategy of allowing Hitler to initiate World War II proved to be short-sighted in the sense that he believed that he will manage to escape getting involved in the war. Had Stalin somehow conveyed to Hitler that Russia was going to offer a stiff resistance in case of an expansionist endeavor by Germany, perhaps World War II could have been avoided?

The educational system Essay Example for Free

The educational system Essay The educational system of the United States has undergone several reforms that coincide with the political perspective at that time (Hochschild Scovronick, 2003). Consequently, the drastic reforms often left the schools confused. One thing that educational reforms all share is the reliance on state or standardized tests. These achievement tests have been used to measure the performance of schools and statistics had been used to prove whether a school was performing within the standards set by the state. Test scores have been shown to be reliable indicators of learning competencies if the tests match the curriculum of the schools and this is a challenge for there are different schools in the country that follows different approaches to teaching and learning philosophies (Hochschild Scovronick, 2003). The state however requires that all schools should follow state mandated minimum learning competencies across all levels. The diversity of the cultural backgrounds of students in our schools is a fact and one that has been emphasized by educators as a limitation to testing, however, test developers had responded to this issue by improving their norming population and to revise test items that were found to be culturally biased. Thus, they argue that test scores is indeed an objective measure of academic performance. Studies on test performance and academic performance have tried to establish that there is a positive relationship between the two; when test scores are high, academic grades also is high (Goodwin Leech, 2003). Therefore, a school that has high test scores is performing well. An interesting research question in this respect is to determine whether schools that have high test scores indeed are better schools. This is an important research question because so much depends on standardized tests and it is only right that it should be an objective and valid measure of the school’s performance. This can be measured by taking the academic grades of the school and correlating it with the specific subtests scores in the state-wide standardized tests, the hypothesis is that this schools would have high positive correlation between subject grades and subtest scores. What is being established by this research question is whether subject grades also reflect the same scores in the subtests; it is a fact that test scores and performance rates are computed based on the overall test score and even researches use the general academic average to correlate it with the overall test score. Correlation only tests relationships and associations, it does not attribute causation, thus one cannot say that higher academic grades causes higher test scores or vice versa, but it has been assumed that it does. Correlation however is the best tool to use in this situation since test scores and academic grades have a linear relationship and are a normal distribution (Triola, 2004). The results of the inquiry would establish the association between test scores and academic grades for every subject area tested. This would give us a better indicator of performance rather than just using the over-all scores and general average wherein values get lost in the averaging process. Moreover, tests of correlation can determine the direction of the relationship and the effect size (Triola, 2004). On the other hand, correlation can be used to misrepresent the results by attributing causality to the either one of the variables (Triola, 2004). Also, most reports do not cite the correlation coefficient nor the effect size, but merely says that well-performing schools have higher test scores without even discussing how schools are identified as well-performing or not, it is also assumed that high test scores is synonymous to better schools. When it is statistically possible to increase test score performance ratings by practices such as teaching to the test, choosing only the best students to take the test, or to limit the number of slow learners taking the test or even to just use the average of all the scores in every level to determine test performance ratings (Goodwin Leech, 2003). References Hochschild, J. Scovronick, N. (2003).The American Dream and the Public Schools. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goodwin, L. Leech, N. (2003). The meaning of validity in the new Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing: Implications for measurement courses. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 36;3, 181-91. Triola, M. (2004). Elementary Statistics 9th ed. New York: Pearson-Addison Wesley Press.

Capital Asset Pricing Model importance in financial world

Capital Asset Pricing Model importance in financial world Capital asset pricing model popularly referred to as CAPM has been of great importance in the asset pricing world. There have been wide acceptances as well as strong arguments regarding the validity of the model over the years, with regards to the fundamental assumptions of the model and the practicability of the model (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2005). (Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2005) The capital asset pricing model provides a yardstick rate of return for appraising possible investments. The standard rate of return is a fair return given the risk involved in the investment. The model also helps us make an educated guess as to the expected return on assets that has not yet been traded in the market place. (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2005) The CAPM assumes that the security market is large and investors are price takers, there are no taxes or transaction costs, all risky assets are publicly traded, investors can borrow and lend any amount at a fixed risk free rate, all investors analyze securities in the same way and share the same economic view about the world. (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2005) The organisation of this write-up is as follows a detailed introduction of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), followed by a literate review of the model which goes into an in-depth analysis of the model as regards to its functions, compatibility and suitability as it relates to asset pricing. Finally, in conclusion a capsulation of the defects, modification and significance of CAPM. J.Balvers, 2001 The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is the most popular model of the determination of expected returns on securities and other financial assets. It is considered to be an asset pricing model since, for a given exogenous expected payoff, the asset price can be backed out once the expected return is determined. Additionally, the expected return derived within the CAPM or any other asset pricing model may be used to discount future cash flows (J. Balvers, 2001.p.35). Furthermore according to Bodie, Kane and Marcus, 2005, described CAPM as a method suitable for determining required rate of return of an asset. The model is considered as an extension of Markowitzs portfolio theory. It is expressed in a linear relationship between the return required on an investment and its systematic risk. As described below: E [Ra] =RF + ÃŽÂ ²a [E (Rm) RF), Where, E [Ra] is expressed as the required return on financial assets. Rf is the risk-free rate of return, E [Rm] is the expected market return and ÃŽÂ ²a is the measure of risk [Beta]. CAPM advocates; investors need to be rewarded in two ways: firstly for the time value of money and secondly risk associated with the security. The first half of the formula represents risk free return (Rf) that compensates the investors for placing money in any investment over a period of time. The other half of the formula represents [ÃŽÂ ² E(Rm Rf)] risk premium for bearing additional risk. (Hanif and Bhatti 2010) A more graphical and pictorial representation of CAPM is expressed in the Security Market Line (SML); the line shows the most efficient risk and return to an investor. It shows the expected rate of return of an individual security as a function of systematic risk (beta). FIGURE 1: THE SECURITY MARKET LINE Y X Source: Balvers,(2001:41) The Y-intercept (beta=0) of the SML is equal to the risk-free interest rate. The slope of the SML is equal to the market risk premium (Â µm -rf) and reflects the risk return trade off at a given time: SML: E(Â µM) = Rf + ÃŽÂ ²i [E(Â µm)-Rf] The risk expected return relationship is called the security market line (SML).The expected return on security equals the risk free rate plus the risk premium. In CAPM the risk is measured as beta times the expected return on the market minus the risk free rate. The risk premium of a security is a function of the risk premium of the market and varies directly with the level of beta, no measure of non-systematic risk appears in the risk premium, as CAPM assumes that diversification has eliminated it. (Mullins 2000.) LITERATURE REVIEW Beta is the standard CAPM measure of systematic risk, one way to think of beta is that it gauges security volatility relative to the market volatility (Mullins, 2000,p.108). Stock whose beta are greater than 1 has a high level of systematic risk and are very sensitive to the market changes, stock with beta less than 1 has a very low level of systematic risk and less sensitive to market changes, stock whose beta is equal to 1 as an average level of systematic risk, rise and falls at the same percentage as the broad market index. (Mullins, 2000) In a freely competitive financial market described by CAPM, no security can sell for long at a price low enough to yield more than its appropriate return on the SML. The security will be very attractive compared with other securities of similar risk and investors would bid its price up until its expected return fell to the appropriate position on the SML. Conversely, investors would sell off any stock, selling at a price high enough to put its expected return below its appropriate position. The resulting reduction in price would continue until the stocks expected return rose to the level defensible by its systematic risk. (Mullins 2000). On the SML the stocks with low beta will lead to a low risk premium. Despite the stocks high level of total risk, the market would price it to yield a low expected return. In practice such counterintuitive examples are rare, most companies with high total risk also have high betas and vice versa. Though according to CAPM the financial market cares only about systematic risk and price securities such that expected return lie along the SML. (Mullins 2000). One of the major purposes of the Capital asset pricing model is the determinant of the institutional demand for common stock. At the most basic level, institutional demand should be a function of the risk-return attributes of individual stocks. (Hanif and Bhatti 2010). It is mostly used by the finance managers and/or investors in finding the risk of the investment and to predict the expected return of the stock (Jagannathan and Wang, 1993). It is also used to find out the cost of capital, Capital budgeting is used by a firm to note profitable and unprofitable projects. A key variable in any capital budgeting procedure is the cost of capital, also referred to as the opportunity cost of the capital necessary to finance the project. The opportunity cost accounts for time preference as measured by the risk free interest rate and risk. It assumes that relevant risk is systematic risk that can be measured based on the (estimated) beta of the project and the anticipated market excess return. A related application is in regulation. In a case, for instance, where the government fixes the price of a particular service provided by a utility, the administered price depends on providing the utility with a fair return on capital. This fair return is often calculated by applying the CAPM to determine the systematic risk of the utilitys activities and thus obtaining the required return (J. BALVERS, 2001). CAPM is also an effective tool for portfolio return evaluation; it is used to find out how a managed portfolio has performed. This is because higher levels of systematic risk in the portfolio imply higher average returns. In practice it is used to adjust for risk and also differentiate abnormal returns from simply excess returns. (J. BALVERS, 2001) Mullins, 2000 states that CAPM as an idealized theory of financial markets is surrounded by some controversies in that the models assumptions are viewed as clearly unrealistic. But the true test of CAPM is naturally evident in how well it works there have been numerous empirical test of CAPM. Most of these have been examined in the past to determine the extent to which stock returns and betas have corresponded in the manner predicted by the security market line. With few exceptions the major empirical bodies in this field have concluded that betas are not fixed through time. This fact creates difficulty when betas estimated from historical data are used to calculate costs of equity in evaluating future cash flows. Beta which is used as a measure of risk appears to be associated to with past returns, due to the close link between total and systematic risk, distinguishing their effects will be difficult. Under CAPM it is believed that Beta should change has both company fundamentals and capital structure changes in reality. It is also argued that beta estimates from the past are subject to statistical estimation error. The estimate of the future risk free rate and the expected return on the market are also subject to error, although quite alot of research has concentrated on developing methods to reduce the possible error (Mullins, 2000). Reality matches what the CAPM foretell as the relationship between beta and past returns is linear. Also the relationship is positively sloped which implies that high returns are associated with high risk and low returns are associated with low risk (J. BALVERS, 2001) CONCLUSION In conclusion despite CAPM shortcomings in measuring the cost of capital and due to its single period model coupled with its inability to reflect all market information (efficient market hypothesis) (Johnson, Spearin Groenewegen 2006). Speaking of the inability of CAPM to fully capture and reflect a real life situation this can be better explained in the role CAPM plays in efficient market hypothesis (EMH). Basically there are three forms of market the strong form of market efficiency (EMH) in which the market prices reflects all available information which includes both the insider information and forecast information on a real time basis making asymmetry information absent. Though this cannot be totally assured in the two remaining forms of EMH the semi-weak and weak form of efficiency do no justice when it comes reflecting all available information present in the market on a timely basis and a more informed investor can outperform both uninformed investor and the market as a whol e (Z.A. Ozidemir 2008). In line with the above statement (Merton 1987) was of the notion that in reality some investors were better more informed than others to the extent that some less informed investors were not aware of the existence of some opportunities in the capital market. Despite this deficiency some investors still used CAPM to measure asymmetry information that was present in the market by modifying it to take care of the heterogeneous information. Which included the measurement of how asymmetry information influences stock prices and cost of capital (Easley and OHara 2004).An in-depth examination of the model proves that the use of CAPM both in theory and in practice cannot be totally discarded in that it has much to say as regards to the way returns are determined in the financial market as compared to other models. Its key advantage is that it quantifies risk and provides a widely applicable, relatively objective routine for translating risk measured into estimates of an expected return coupl ed with modification of the traditional CAPM contain the impact of changes in expected return distribution (Javed, 2000). Finally a major advantage of CAPM is the objective nature of the estimated cost of equity that the model can yield. CAPM cannot be used in isolation because it necessarily simplifies the world of financial markets. But financial managers can use it to supplement other techniques and their own judgement in their attempts to develop realistic and useful cost of equity calculations (Mullins, 2000).